Thursday, April 23, 2015

Step 2

Restated of Statement of Movements in Equity



Restated of Statement of Financial Position



Restated of Statement of Financial Performance




Any issues of concerns I had about restating Oz Brewing Limited

Oz Brewing Limited had simply Statements of Financial Position, Statements of Financial Performance and Statement of Movements in Equity.

When I was restating the Statements of Movements in Equity it was a simple and easy restatement. The only difference between the Statements of Movements in Equity and the Restatement of Statements of Movements in Equity was the heading ‘Other Financial Comprehensive Income’ and the heading ‘Transactions with Shareholders’.  This restatement was straight-forward and easy to complete.

Secondly, was the Restated Statement of Financial Position which was easy and simply to classify because there were basic accounts that was easy to classify into operating or financial activities. There were only three accounts that I was unsure about whether they are operating or financial activities. Firstly, was the ‘Other Assets’ which was classified under the ‘Current Assets’ because there was no notes relating to what the other assets are I classified it as an operating activity purely because current assets are assets that are to be used in twelve months or less. Secondly, was the ‘Investments – accounted for using the equity method’ which had a note attached to the statement because this account relates to financial matters of the business therefore I classified it as a ‘Financial Asset’. Thirdly, was the ‘Other Assets’ which was classified under the ‘Non-Current Assets’ and when I read the note attached to this account I classified it under a financial activity because asset relates to the heads of Agreement which could be classified as a financial activity because the business is not implementing a Head of Agreement every day. Oz Brewing Limited had no financial obligations. The equity of the balance sheet is a matter of copying and pasting the accounts and amounts into the Restated Statements of Financial Position.

Thirdly, was the Restated Statement of Financial Performance this was the hardest one of the three statements I found this one the hardest to classify into either operating or financial activities. The following expenses I classified as operating expenses because without this expenses there would be no employees to run the company, they are:
  • Directors’ and Company Secretarial Fees
  • Administration Expenses
  • Administrator’s Expense
  • Staff Costs
The tax benefit was easy to classify after you located the company’s tax rate on the global tax rate link. My company is an Australian-based company which means it has a tax rate of thirty percent. Once I knew this it was a matter of doing a simple calculation which was Net Financial Expense before Tax multiplied by thirty percent. This was the account the company was either getting a refund or paying to the government. The next step was the Net Financial Expenses accounts. Firstly, my reasoning to classified these expenses as a financial expense was because they have not something that is completed daily or weekly. Expenses that are classified under financial expenses are expenses that occur through the year and relate to the finances of the business to be successful business or unsuccessful business. These expenses are the following:
  • Bad Debts
  • Accounting and Audit Fees
  • Consultants Fees
  • Legal Fees
  • Share Based Payments
  • Share of Loss for Equity Accounted Joint Venture
  • Impairment of Joint Venture
  • Exploration Costs Written Off
  • Deed of Company Arrangement Settlement Costs
  • Other Expenses
  • Financial Income
The section at the end of the Restated Statement of Financial Performance is the other financial comprehensive income which is a matter of copying and pasting this section from the Statement of Financial Performance.


Discussions with other students about restating

Throughout this course I had discussions about restating to people face-to-face in tutorials. The people I had a conversation about restating was Matthew Barone, Grace Taylor and Rikki Knight. I had a discussion about restating the statements and how to classify each account into operating or financial activities. The way I explained it to all three of the people is that operating activities is activities that effects every day running of the business whereas financial activities is activities that effects the profit or loss and whether to invest into an particular field.

With Matthew Barone we talked about how the Restated Statement of Movements in Equity was exactly the same as the Statement of Movements in Equity you just rearranged and add one or two headings in. Also with Matthew’s discussion I pointed out the following at the match:
  • ‘The Equity at the end of year’ in the ‘Restated Statements of Movements in Equity’ has to match the ‘Total Equity’ in the ‘Statement of Movements in Equity’
  • The ‘Total Net Financial Assets/Obligations + Equity’ in the ‘Restated Statements of Financial Position’ has to match the ‘Net Operating Assets’ in the ‘Statement of Financial Position’
  • The ‘Comprehensive Net Profit/Loss after Tax’ in the ‘Restated Statements of Financial Performance’ has to match the ‘Total Comprehensive Profit/Loss for the Year’ in the ‘Restated Statements of Movements in Equity’
Once I told Matthew this he was able to start restating and if it does not match he can have a look which restating statement is incorrect.

While with Rikki and Grace we were discussing how to actually classify the accounts and which accounts fall into which categories. I told Rikki and Grace that if there is a note attached to a statement to look at the note because sometimes the note will say ‘Operating Activities’ or ‘Non-Operating Activities’ or ‘Financial Activities’. We had a discussion about Bad Debts with it would be an operating or financial activity but we decided it to be a financial activity because it is dealing with the money coming into the business. We talked about other accounts such as legal fees which we thought it would be classified into financial expenses because you are not going to use legal fees every day in a business so it would be financial over operating activities. This helped use to discuss accounts that we were unsure whether they were financial or operating activities.

Step 1 - Chapter 4 – Analysing Financial Statements

This Session Preparation Assessment is looking at Chapter 4 of the Study Guide called ‘Analysing Financial Statements’ which has a number of Key Concepts and Questions that I find confusing, difficult to understand or believe, boring, exciting or surprising.

A concept I strong believe in is equity investors receive from a firm are dividends this builds relationship with the investors and customers. The purpose of dividends is to provide some reassurance of business growth to the investors who invested into the business or the investors have the option to purchase more shares into the company. My personally experience of this is with Tatts; I have shares in Tatts and instead of receive dividends I have decided to use re-invest into the business instead of accepting money. Companies offer this option to keep the profits of the business so they can re-invest, generator more money and financial security for the business. When companies offer the dividend to the investors it is a measure of transfer of value between a firm and its equity investors. The equity investors are receives the benefits and value from investing into a business that is successful. Equity investors are a necessary element for businesses to success and make a profit in the world.

Another key concept that I find interesting and exciting to learn about is the profit margin which focuses our attention on the profitability of each dollar of sales. To me this means you are looking at which items make the most profit and which items make the less profit. From working at Dimmey’s my personal experience of this is when the manager or employee looks at key items that have been on the shelf for a number of months or of items that sell quickly and works out the profit margin on a specific item. Profit Margin is a key to measure the target market of the business for instead if you have a profit margin of 10% you will be aiming at low income people whereas if you have a profit margin of 60% you will be aiming your items for high income people.

A key concept I understand extremely well will be the following:
  • Operating activities of a firm are its interactions with the product and input markets, with its customers and suppliers
  • Financial activities of a firm are its interactions with the capital markets, with equity and debt investors
  • Operating and financial activities of a firm interact with each other
  • Restating your firm’s financial statements for the first time can be a fascinating, infuriating and fun challenge
  • Categorising the balance sheet into terms of operating activities and financial activities
  • Purpose in restating the income statement is to clearly separate operating and financial revenue and expenses
  • RNOA is after tax operating income (OI) divided by the net operating assets (NOA) invested in the business.
  • The difference between operating revenue (OR) and operating expenses (OE) is operating income (OI)

The way I remember operating activities is anything that has to do with the daily running of the business and financial activities is anything that the business invests into. By using my definition of the terms I was able to easily restate my company’s financial statements without much drama. The only difficult I had with restating was when my Statement of Financial Performance did not match but after half-an-hour of trying to figure out where I had made a mistake I figured it out. The mistake was to do with whether to add or subtract a number to get the comprehensive income. I believe the purpose of restating is for the managers to actually gauge where they need to increase their focus in and where the areas that are letting the company down are. Another than the other two points are calculations-based and once I have the figures for that component I can calculate the RNOA and Operating Income – there is nothing hard about that. Mathematics is my strong area, I am excellent when it comes to calculating and working out ratios.

A few key concepts I am finding difficult to understand would be the following:
  • Free Cash Flow (FCF) is driven by two things: cash flow from operations (C) and net cash invested into a firm’s operating assets (I)
  • More a firm invests into its operating assets the less will be a firm’s free cash flow (FCF)
  • Calculating Economic Profit.

When reading these concepts they seem easy to understand however when trying to apply the theory behind these concepts I get confused.  For instance the whole cash flow from operations and the net cash invested into the firm’s operating assets I do not understand. This is because I have never dealt with a Cash Flow Statement so I unsure how to calculate the Free Cash Flow for a company. I have read about the benefits of knowing how to calculate the Free Cash Flow however I am still confused with the concept because I have had nothing to do with this concept in my life.

In summary my key concepts and questions would be the following:

  • Equity investors receive from a firm are dividends
  • Measure of transfer of value between a firm and its equity investors
  • Free Cash Flow (FCF) is driven by two things: cash flow from operations (C) and net cash invested into a firm’s operating assets (I)
  • More a firm invests into its operating assets the less will be a firm’s free cash flow (FCF)
  • RNOA is after tax operating income (OI) divided by the net operating assets (NOA) invested in the business.
  • Operating activities of a firm are its interactions with the product and input markets, with its customers and suppliers
  • Financial activities of a firm are its interactions with the capital markets, with equity and debt investors
  • The difference between operating revenue (OR) and operating expenses (OE) is operating income (OI)
  • Operating and financial activities of a firm interact with each other
  • Statement of changes in equity shows how a firm’s income statement and balance sheet inter-connect
  • The ‘bottom-line’ of a firm’s income statement is net profit after tax
  • Restating our firm’s financial statements is a technical task that with practice can be done relatively quickly and easily, although there are a few ‘traps’ we need to be careful to avoid
  • Restating your firm’s financial statements for the first time can be a fascinating, infuriating and fun challenge.
  • Categorising the balance sheet into terms of operating activities and financial activities
  • Purpose in restating the income statement is to clearly separate operating and financial revenue and expenses
  • Calculating Economic Profit
  • Understanding this relationship and maximising the interaction between profitability and efficiency is one of the keys to success in any business
  • Profit margin focuses our attention on the profitability of each dollar of sales
  • Efficiency is how well net operating assets (NOA) in a business are being used to generate sales or turnover

Above are my Key Concepts and Questions about Chapter 4 – Analysing Financial Statements. 

Friday, April 3, 2015

Feedback from other students was it useful? Why or why not?


The feedback from other students I found was useful. It helped me to ensure I was on the right track when completing my assessment piece and also picked out specific points I needed to focus on. By giving feedback to other students you were able to see how other people interpreted the topic, wrote their assessment piece and related it to their personal experiences. This helped use to broaden our knowledge in the Business Industry. Therefore I was able to go back and add more information in or remove information – if the people needed to. My main feedback I got back was that it was fantastic work but I have to check spelling and grammar. I already realised I had to check spelling and grammar due to the fact I had only just wrote it when I put my assessment piece on my blog. I hadn’t had time to edit my draft! I had a lot of people telling me they could relate to my assessment work which was fantastic. The piece of feedback I did not find useful was when people wrote one or two sentences saying it was fantastic and it made me review my work. That feedback helped the reviewer or my work not me to improve my work!

On a different note I did not like how we were put into groups to give feedback. The reason behind this is because I only received feedback from Rachelle Mertens who was in my team which made this section hard to do. I also had a lot of people that said they would give me feedback and in return I gave them feedback. However, after I gave them feedback the other people did not return the favour. This made it extremely hard to get three critical feedbacks.  Overall the feedback people gave me was beneficial because I was able to see if I was on the right track for Assessment 1.